Depression
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Top Selling Depression Medications
What is an Anti-Depressant?
An anti-depressant is a prescribed psychiatric medication used to treat symptoms of depression, anxiety attacks, post-traumatic stress, and mood disorders. Scientists have not been able to pinpoint the exact cause of depression and related disorders, but they believe that low levels of certain neurotransmitters- serotonin and norepinephrine- greatly affect a person's mood. Anti-depressants work by accelerating the activity of certain neurotransmitters.
Types of Anti-Depressants
Many options for treatment are available, and each type of anti-depressant medication works differently, though they all influence select neurotransmitters. It is important to note that therapeutic effects of all anti-depressant medication vary with each individual case. This is due to a person's genetic makeup and sensitivity to anti-depressants, especially serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
MAOIs. MAO inhibitors, or MAOIs, disrupt the function of monoamine oxidate (MAO), a natural enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters. This action causes an increase in the amount of neurotransmitters in the synapse, allowing more messages to transmit between neurons. MAOIs are often reserved as a last line of defense due to their potentially lethal drug and dietary interaction. A new line of MAOIs recently emerged on the market as a safe alternative. However, reports have shown in some cases they are not as effective as their predecessors.
Types of MAOIs include:
- Phenylzine (Nardil)
- Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
Tricyclics. Tricyclic Anti-depressants (TCAs) prevent the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine by brain cells. To a certain extent, they can also prevent the reabsorption of dopamine. TCAs also block other cell receptors, causing many unwanted side effects. Because of this, many doctors have chosen to replace TCAs with SSRIs and SNRIs when prescribing treatment.
Types of TCAs include:
- Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
- Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep)
- Desipramine (Norpramin)
SSRIs. Select Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed anti-depressant medication. Scientists believe they relieve symptoms of depression and other mood disorders by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin by brain cells, increasing serotonin levels in the brain. Unlike TCAs, SSRIs affect only the serotonin levels in the brain, leaving other neurotransmitters unaffected.
Types of SSRIs include:
- Paroxetine (Paxil)
- Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Sertraline (Zoloft)
- Excitalopram oxalate (Lexapro)
SNRIs. Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) are dual uptake inhibitors that increase the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting the reuptake of these neurotransmitters into brain cells. This allows for more serotonin and norepinephrine to remain in the brain, causing elevation in mood. Unlike TCAs, they do not interfere with other brain cells, causing less drastic side effects.
Types of SNRIs include:
- Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
- Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
Side Effects
Side effects of antidepressants vary depending upon the person taking the drug. A person may do well on one type of medication, yet experience side effects with another. It is important to talk with your doctor about potential side effects as well as keep him informed if side effects do occur.
Some potential side effects of anti-depressants are as follows:
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Dry mouth
- Drowsiness
- Constipation
- Sleep Disturbances
- Headache
- Increase or decrease in appetite
- Weakness
- Restlessness
- Decrease in sexual function
- Blurred vision
- Weight loss or weight gain
- Low Blood pressure
- Lightheadedness